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Strictly speaking, the SFF units are not part of the Army but function under its operational control. The initial strength was 5000 men, mostly Khampas who were recruited at its new Mountain Training Facility at Chakrata, 100 km from the city of Dehradun. [14] After the 1980s, the practice of giving Indian Army commissions to Tibetans was discontinued. For their bravery and courage, 580 SFF Task Force members were awarded cash prizes by the Union Government of India. [1] The six battalions are commanded by Indian Army officers of colonel rank. On the ground, it is headed by an Inspector General who is an Army officer of the rank of Major General. ; In the first few decades after it was raised, the force was used to keep an eye on Chinese plans to deploy nuclear warheads. This is why the spotlight on the SFF in the recent Ladakh operation is unprecedented. (Wikimedia Commons) An SFF officer. [29], SFF was part of major combat operations during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. SFF was later incorporated into the Special Services Bureau. This mission was successful but a couple of years later another problem cropped up: snow would pile up over the antenna and render it blind. Throughout its history, SFF has fought in India's major external wars including the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Kargil War. Independent formations of Tibetan (including Ladakhi, Bön, Sikkimese and now Gurkha) units were to patrol and police the lands they were native to. The idea of raising a specialized force consisting of Tibetan refugees and Tibetan resistance fighters in India against the Chinese was first mooted by General K S Thimayya when he was leading the Indian Army between May 1957 and May 1961. As the force was envisaged as one that would work behind enemy lines, all SFF soldiers are trained parachutists. 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(Chowdhury, 2015). Initial training was conducted by the Intelligence Bureau Special Operations Unit. The covert outfit recruited Tibetan exiles (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and was initially named Establishment 22 (Major Gen Sujan Singh Uban, an Artillery officer who raised the group, named it after the 22 Mountain Regiment he commanded). Barry Bishop, a photographer with the magazine, interested General Curtis LeMay of the US Air Force in the idea.[21][22]. He was accorded the Shaurya Chakra for gallantry by the President of India for this achievement. Also in Explained | In India-China standoff in Ladakh, why Chushul is critical, © Provided by The Indian Express 10 Guards, 1 Para Commandos and Special Frontier Force (SFF) would attack from the main entrance of the complex, and 26 Madras and 9 Kumaon battalions from the hostel complex side entrance from the south. SFF was raised in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. On 16 October 1964 China did indeed test a nuclear weapon in Xinjiang. So Kohli and a SFF team were sent once again to bring it down; this time they retrieved it successfully. You can ruthlessly attack your enemies or defend your turf from them in this first-person shooter game. This article is about the Indian unit known as the Special Frontier Force (SFF), also known as Establishment 22 or Two-Two, and occasionally as the “Phantoms of Chittagong”. At the time of Indian independence, the northern mountain-covered region of India remained the most isolated and strategically overlooked territory of the subcontinent. A special unit of Special Frontier Force from Uttarakhand have been deployed at Eastern Ladakh to gather reports pertaining to movements about Chinese People’s Liberation Army troop and subsequently thwart it. More advanced training takes place at Stakna in Ladakh to simulate high-altitude paradrops. [13] However the force faced other problems such as mass desertions by Tibetans. Many SFF members were also absorbed from the Gurkha Rifles. Not officially. If this statement isn’t a giveaway, what is revealing is that in the report, Pandit notes that commandos from the Special Frontier Force (SFF) were involved in the operations. The original task as envisaged was clandestine operations behind the lines in Tibet. The Special Frontier Force is a covert outfit that was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. With the fall of Dhaka and Lieutenant General A.A.K. Some would even say it is part of deliberate signalling by India to China. The Special Group, or 4 Vikas, functions under a separate chain of command under the RAW. At the time of Indian independence, the Northern Hills of India remained the most isolated and strategic… After three weeks of border fighting, the SFF divided its six battalions into three columns and moved into East Pakistan on 3 December 1971. In 1964 intelligence reports kept indicating that China was preparing to test a nuclear weapon at its Lop Nor nuclear installation in Xinjiang. If New Delhi is bold enough to openly oppose this fact, it is clearly aware of the consequences and shooting itself in the foot.”, Like us on Facebook to see similar stories, Need to protect Tagore’s Bengal from BJP’s communal politics, Bigg Boss 14: Rakhi Sawant-Jasmin Bhasin's fight leaves Twitter with mixed reactions — read tweets, Suresh Raina: I see retirement as freedom, now nobody tells me what to do, Wall Street Slips From Record Levels, Additional Stimulus Uncertain, What is a silent heart attack? [19][23][24] In the meantime the Chinese not only kept testing not only nuclear weapons but also ballistic missiles at regular intervals. An SFF Task Force of around 3000 members was deployed to conduct pre-emptive strike in support of the Indian Army formations along the Chittagong Hill Tracts and to train the local underground unit called Mujib Bahini.[30]. However, by the following year, the US had the first generation of TRW spy satellites in place and did not have to rely on the old ELINT devices. The operation, in the garb of a mountaineering expedition to Nanda Devi, involved celebrated Indian climber M S Kohli who, along with operatives of SFF and CIA (most notably Jim Rhyne, a veteran STOL pilot), was to emplace a permanent ELINT device, a transceiver powered by a plutonium battery, that could detect and report data on future nuclear tests carried out by China. (Wikimedia Commons) Chakrata, Uttarakhand, where SFF personnel are trained in stealth combat and scouting techniques. Marine Reacts to the Special Frontier Force (SFF). ", Bollywood Sargam – Special: Tibetan faujis in Bluestar, "Explained: What is the Special Frontier Force, referred to as Vikas Battalion? [10] The SFF is also known as 'Establishment 22' or just '22' due to its first Inspector General, Maj. Gen. Sujan Singh Uban, who commanded the 22nd Mountain Division as an artillery officer in Europe during World War II. “Both the Indian and Pakistani Special Forces were established with the active involvement of the CIA in the mid-1950s. The actual efforts called for the placement of a permanent ELINT device powered by a nuclear SNAP 19C power pack fuel cell. During the 1950s, the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Indian Intelligence Bureau established Mustang Base in Mustang in Nepal,[7] which trained Tibetans in guerilla warfare. 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In the past, each battalion, consisting of six companies, was commanded by a Tibetan who had a rank equivalent to a lieutenant colonel in the Indian Army. How to recognize the warning signs, New Year 2021 Celebrations: What are your plans? When another Kohli-led expedition returned the following year to recover the device, it was found to be missing. The Tibetan recruits found that smuggling was a much easier way of making money than risking their lives along the border.[3]. The primary task of SFF is defence against the People's Libration Army (PLA) Ground Force as well as conducting clandestine intelligence gathering and commando operations along the Chinese border. Special Frontier Force – All You Need To Know. [1] Historically, by the late 1960s, the SFF was organised into six battalions for administrative purposes. By one estimate, over 3,000 SFF personnel were used in the eastern theatre of the 1971 war. The air-operations were handled by ARC at Balasore. Initially, the para training takes place at Sarsawa near Saharanpur, where the Aviation Research Centre, R&AW's covert air wing, has a base. © Provided by The Indian Express Special Forces: FPS Assault is best fps shooting game. Special Frontier force work and duties: This force was formed to take control and manage the strategic height in the eastern Ladakh. There have been reports that a Special Frontier Force (SFF) unit, referred to as Vikas Battalion, has been instrumental in occupying some key heights on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China in Ladakh to thwart any occupation by the Chinese troops.. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? The Mustang rebels brought the 14th Dalai Lama to India during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion. It is commonly believed that the SFF was raised by India in coordination with US intelligence agencies. Another SFF soldier was injured. About: Special Frontier Force (SFF). Head up into the hills and get ready for the fight of your life while you attempt to take them down with your machine gun. [1] Women are also recruited for specialized operations as well as in signal and medical companies. At the funeral of Nyima Tenzin in Leh. It falls under the authority of the Directorate General on Security in the Cabinet Secretariat headed by an Inspector General (SFF) who is selected from the Major General rank of the Indian Army and who reports directly to the Prime Minister's Office.[6]. The Tibetans were given mortars and recoilless rifles and two Mil Mi-4 helicopters of the Indian Air Force, and captured several villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Why in News? On Monday, the funeral of Nyima Tenzin, a soldier of the Special Frontier Force (SFF), was held in Leh, with BJP leader Ram Madhav among those present. While several SFF soldiers have been killed in earlier operations, Ram Madhav's presence at Nyima Tenzin's funeral on Monday marks the first time a politician has attended such an event. Starting with a force of 5,000 men, the SFF commenced six months of training in rock climbing and guerrilla warfare. A Tibetan major or captain commanded each company, which was the primary unit used in operations. Niazi surrendering on 16 December 1971, SFF had lost 49 men[31] and nearly 190 were wounded. [14], The SFF has a total of six battalions called 1 Vikas, 2 Vikas, 3 Vikas, 5 Vikas, 6 Vikas, and 7 Vikas. Recounting the toughness of the Special Frontier Force commandos, Captain Manmohan Singh Kohli said, “The SFF men were real tough… Once, when we were building a helipad a large rock had to be removed. [19][20] The Lockheed U-2 overshot the runway and got stuck in slushy ground caused by heavy rain in the monsoon. He wrote that India could commission the SFF troops because it was “was purely their creature” and “the US had no voice in the command of the SFF or how its troops were used… The Tibetan leadership at Dharamsala also had a passive role”. Special Frontier Force-The Problem of Espionage: Establishment No. So SFF mountaineers went off on one more mission in December 1969 to successfully place a gas-powered device on an undisclosed mountain, supposedly in Chinese-controlled areas. Another mission was launched in 1967 to place a similar device on the Nanda Kot. However, they are special forces personnel highly trained for a variety of tasks. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Nurturing the desire of walking the route opened by Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary 50 years ago, the 35-year-old Naik Subedar of the Special Frontier Force of the army realized his dream by scaling the peak from the southeast route on May 24, 2001. Operation Blue Star-Wikipedia All about Special Frontier Force, the secretive Indian unit in news after Ladakh clash SFF, primarily drawn from Tibetan refugees, was formed in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 war with China. Former Army Chief Gen Dalbir Singh held that office at one point. The plan to install a snooping device was devised far away in Washington D.C., in the offices of the National Geographic Society. Published by Playpark Inc. in partnership with Dragonfly in Southeast Asia. BJP leader Ram Madhav at cremation of Nyima Tenzin of Special Frontier Force. SPECIAL FORCE ONLINE is a premier classic first-person shooter online game. The CIA therefore decided to launch an electronic intelligence (ELINT) operation along with RAW and to track China's nuclear tests and monitor its missile launches. Click here to join our channel (@ieexplained) and stay updated with the latest. Both the RAW and the CIA helped in raising the force. During the same period, the Indian government also formed the Ladakh Scouts and the Nubra Guards paramilitary forces on similar lines. The Special Frontier Force (also known as the Vikas battalion), in fact comes under the Cabinet Secretariat which directly reports to the Indian Prime Minister. It has also acted in internal security, including taking part in Operation Blue Star and serving as the "Personal Force" of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to suppress opposition parties during the state of emergency from 1975 to 1977. Special Frontier Force, what is Special Frontier Force, Vikas Battalion, India China border news, India China border row, Indian Express  [14], SFF was raised with covert operations in mind, mainly along the Indo-China border; however, SFF has been fielded by the RAW and the Indian government in various covert and overt operation theatres.[14]. This special force of India was raised on 14 th of November in 1962 by the Nehru government on the request of the Intelligence Bureau and Chief Bhola Nath Mullikan and … Special Frontier Force has been involved in several covert operations including the 1971 war, Operation Blue Star in Golden Temple Amritsar, Kargil conflict, and in counter-insurgency operations in the country. The SFF then began its own airborne training program at Sarsawa Air Force Station. Details of many operations, however, are classified. Now see the some lesser known facts about the SFF. [2] Throughout its history, SFF has fought in India's major external wars including the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Kargil War. [33], There are many theories about what happened.  Express Explained is now on Telegram. But A Tom Grunfeld, history professor at the State University of New York, wrote in a paper in 2000 that the Indian government had created a “Tibetan military force called the Special Frontier Force with US support” and “eventually 12,000 Tibetans were trained by US Special Forces (Green Berets) and partly funded by the US to operate from bases along the Kashmir frontier where they crossed the border into Tibet planting electronic listening devices”. The SFF was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 China-India war. Independent formations of Tibetan (including Ladakhi, Bön, and Sikkimese) units were to patrol and police the lands they were native to. During the time of the Great Game, the British Indian Army began to employ Tibetans as spies, intelligence agents, and even covert militia in northern India and Tibet proper. The snow lion insignia of the Special Frontier Force (SFF). The training takes place under the auspices of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW). The Special Frontier Force (SFF) is an Indian special force created on 14 November 1962.It is formed with the Tibetan refugees lived in India. [14] The US government pulled out the CIA from the training program as relations with India soured in the early 1970s during the period of Cold War, with the Sino-Soviet split and Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China for improving the bilateral relationship. Explore the world from a unique perspective as you team up with other G-Force agents … The Special Frontier Force also known as Vikas Regiment aka Establishment 22 is India’s Elite Special forces unit which mainly focuses its operations against the Chinese Action.The Special Frontier Force is not a part of Indian Army but they function under the operational control of Army. [1], Ethnically, the unit is a mixture of Tibetans and Gurkhas from Nepal. 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